Ma ke ʻano he kaupaku kaulana loa i ka nohona o kēia mau lā,kola kola kailahoʻohana pinepineʻia i nā keʻena, nā kula, nā halemai, nā keʻena hoʻomalu, nā keʻena, a me nā mea'ē aʻe.ʻOkoʻa kekahi o kēia mau hiʻohiʻona i ka hopena hoʻoheheʻe leo, a he ʻokoʻa wale nō kekahi, i mea e hōʻike ai i nā hopena hoʻonaninani like ʻole.ʻO kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi loa he sandblasting, kahi e hui pū ai i ka hoʻoheheʻe kani a me ka nani, a ʻo ka maikaʻi ka mea maikaʻi loa o nā huahana āpau.

Loaʻa iā mākou nā hoʻolālā hoʻohālike piha loa okola kola kaila, ma kahi o 20 mau ʻano.Hoʻopili hou ʻia kēia mau hiʻohiʻona mai nā hiʻohiʻona mua, hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo ia ke ʻano o ke ʻano.Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia mau hiʻohiʻona i ka moʻo puka pin, ka moʻo fissured maikaʻi, ka moʻo anuhe, ka moʻo glacier, ka moʻo sandblasting.Ma waena o lākou, ʻo nā pūnaʻi puka pin, nā pūʻulu fissured maikaʻi a me nā moʻo anuhe ka mea kaulana loa a loaʻa ka laulā noi ākea.ʻO nā pūʻulu puka pin a me nā huahana fissured series maikaʻi loa a kaulana loa i waena o ia mau hiʻohiʻona, kūʻai ʻia lākou ma nā ʻāina ʻē a me nā mākeke kūloko.

ʻO kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona e hoʻoholo i ka hopena o ka leo ma muli o ka nui a me ka hohonu o nā lua, a ʻo ka hopena kani ka mea koʻikoʻi loa o ka papa leo mineral fiber e hoʻokaʻawale iā ia mai nā kaupaku ʻē aʻe.Ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau, hiki i ka mineral fiber ceiling board ke hoʻokō i nā pono o ka insulation leo keʻena maʻamau.No nā kikoʻī hou aku, e ʻoluʻolu e kelepona mai iā mākou.

Ma waho aʻe o nā papa kaupaku fiber mineral, loaʻa iā mākou nā mea likenā mea hoʻohui kiʻino ka hoohana ana.Eia kekahi, ua loaʻa iā mākoukīleʻa kaupaku aniani, kile kaupaku calcium silicate, wili hulu aniania me nā huahana ʻē aʻe na nā mea kūʻai aku e koho.